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Harvell, Catherine Drew
Cornell Faculty Member
Positions
Drew Harvell is a professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Cornell University. She is widely recognized for her work on marine diseases, chairing both the World Bank Targeted Research Program on Coral Disease and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis program on the Ecology of Marine Disease. Dr. HarvellÕs laboratory group studies the ecology and evolution of coral resistance to disease, with a focus on physiological and genomics approaches to immunity. A subtheme of this work includes evaluating the impacts of a warming climate on coral reef ecosystems. Her analyses and papers have led to the now widespread acceptance that infectious diseases in marine ecosystems are important, particularly in very climate- sensitive coral reef ecosystems. Projects in her lab involve a variety of approaches, including field studies, molecular techniques, chemical analyses and mathematical modeling. She has worked for many years on coral reefs in the Mexican Yucatan and Florida Keys and more recently in the Indo-pacific. Her work has been featured in national and international media. Dr. Harvell received her PhD from the University of Washington in 1985. Following NATO and NSF postdoctoral fellowships in 1986, she joined the faculty of Cornell University in 1986. She has been a sabbatical fellow at National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis and Vice President of the Society of American Naturalists and serves on the editorial board of Annual Reviews of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics.
Research Areas
- biocomplexity
- biodiversity
- disease control
- ecology
- environmental sciences
- genomics
- nanobiotechnology
- pathogens
Websites
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Affiliations
other Cornell affiliations
member of
- David R. Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future (ACSF) Faculty Fellow
Research
research overview
- My research is motivated by several general interests: (1) the evolution of chemical and structural resistance, (2) Invertebrate microbial interactions, particularly focussing on microbial pathogens, 3) Impacts of Climate change on marine communities. Our current research is focused on the form, function, and evolution of defenses of marine invertebrates against their predators and competitors. Using a primarily experimental approach, I and my students are working on projects in temperate and tropical oceans. Our current work is focussed on chemical and structural mechanisms of disease resistance in Caribbean gorgonian corals. These soft corals are heavily endowed with biologically active compounds that are anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and deterrent to fish and some invertebrate predators. My particular focus now is on mechanisms of disease resistance to a fungal pathogen of sea fans. The fungal pathogen Aspergillus sydowii is currently affecting sea fans (Gorgonia ventalina and G. flabellum) throughout the Caribbean. The disease causes variable-sized lesions and even colony death at some sites. In the Bahamas and Florida Keys, many monitored lesions enter long-term stasis (> 12 months) suggesting the possibility of effective resistance against the fungus within colonies. At some sites in the Florida Keys and San Salvador Bahamas colonies are undergoing substantial mortality from the disease. The chemical extracts of the two species of sea fan are fungi-static, leading us into an investigation of the chemical mechanisms of disease resistance (collaboration with Advion Biosciences).
principal investigator on
- COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: IMPACTS OF THE 2010 CARIBBEAN CORAL BLEACHING EVENT: ASSESSING CHANGES IN CORAL IMMUNE FUNCTION awarded by DIRECTORATE FOR BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES NSF 2010 - 2012
- COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND ACIDIFICATION ON THE DYNAMICS OF CORAL CO-INFECTION AND RESISTANCE awarded by NATL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 2009 - 2012
- DISSERTATION RESEARCH: THE ROLE OF CNIDARIAN IMMUNITY IN PATHOGENIC AND MUTUALISTIC INTERACTIONS: A FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS APPROACH awarded by DIRECTORATE FOR BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES NSF 2011 - 2013
- ECOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS MARINE DISEASE WORKSHOP awarded by DIRECTORATE FOR BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES NSF 2012
- RCN: EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF A CHANGING OCEAN ON MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS MARINE DISEASE awarded by DIRECTORATE FOR BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES NSF 2012 - 2017
area(s) of concentration/expertise
- Animal Behavior, Chemical Ecology, Insect-Plant Interactions
- Applied Immunology
- Bacterial Cell Biology, Genomics and Microbial Ecology
- Climate dynamics
- Coastal Processes and Marine Facilities
- Conservation
- Disease Control and Epidemiology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Marine Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
- Marine Ecology and Invertebrate Zoology
keywords
- Climate Change Impacts
- Coral Reef Sustainability
- Disease Ecology
- Genomics of Coral Disease Resistance
- Innate Immunity
- International Capacity Building
geographic focus
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transnational region
submitted impact statement
Publications
individual publications
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academic article
- Description of viral assemblages associated with the Gorgonia ventalina holobiont. Coral Reefs. 31. 2012
- Impacts of aspergillosis on sea fan coral demography: modeling a moving target. Ecological Monographs. 81:123-139. 2011
- Coral-associated bacterial assemblages: Current knowledge and the potential for climate-driven impacts. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 50:662-674. 2010
- Climate Change and Wildlife Disease: When Does the Host Matter the Most? . Ecology Letters. 90:912-920. 2009
- Microbial diseases and the coral holobiont. Trends in Microbiology. 17:554-562. 2009
- Population structure of Symbiodinium sp. associated with the common sea fan, Gorgonia ventalina, in the Florida Keys across distance, depth, and time. Marine Biology. 151:1609-1623. 2009
- Cellular responses in sea fan corals: Granular amoebocytes react to pathogen and climate stressors. PLoS One. 3. 2008
- Coral adaptation in the face of climate change - Response. Science. 320:315-316. 2008
- Globally panmictic population structure in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus sydowii. Molecular Ecology. 17:4068-4078. 2008
- Variation in measures of immunocompetence of sea fan coral, Gorgonia ventalina, in the Florida Keys. Marine Biology. 155:281-292. 2008
- Coral Disease, Environmental Drivers and the Balance Between Coral and Microbial Associates. . Oceanography. 20:172-195. 2007
- Exploring the role of chitinolytic enzymes in the sea fan coral, Gorgonia ventalina. Marine Biology. 150:1137-1144. 2007
- Peroxidase activity and inducibility in the sea fan coral exposed to a fungal pathogen. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A. Molecular and Integrative Physiology. 146:54-62. 2007
- The carbon crisis: Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science. 318:1737-1742. 2007
- Thermal stress and coral cover as drivers of disease outbreaks. Public Library of Science . PLoS Biology. 5:1220-1227. 2007
- Within-host disease ecology in the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina: modeling the spatial immunodynamics of a coral-pathogen interaction. American Naturalist. 170. 2007
- Host range and resistance to Aspergillosis in three sea fan species from the Yucatan. Marine Biology. 149:1355-1364. 2006
- Innate immunity, environmental drivers, and disease ecology of marine and freshwater invertebrates. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 37:251-288. 2006
- Longitudinal study of aspergillosis in sea fan corals. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 69:95-99. 2006
- Coral diversity and disease in Mexico. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 69:23-31. 2005
- Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems?. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 19:585-591. 2004
- Ecology and evolution of host-pathogen interactions in nature. American Naturalist. 164. 2004
- Localized induction of a generalized response against multiple biotic agents in Caribbean sea fans. Coral Reefs. 23:397-405. 2004
- The rise and fall of a six-year coral-fungal epizootic. American Naturalist. 164. 2004
- The rising tide of ocean diseases: Unsolved problems and research priorities. . Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2:375-382. 2004
- Pathogens compromise reproduction and induce melanization in Caribbean sea fans. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 264:167-171. 2003
- Nutrient enrichment can increase the severity of coral diseases. Ecology Letters. 6:1056-1061. 2003
- Porites ulcerative white spot disease: Description, prevalence, and host range of a new coral disease affecting Indo-Pacific reefs. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 56:95-104. 2003
- Rates of spread of marine pathogens. Ecology Letters. 6:1062-1067. 2003
- Climate warming and disease risks for terrestrial and marine biota. Science. 296:2158-2162. 2002
- Disease transmission of aspergillosis in sea fans: inferring process from spatial pattern. Ecology. 83:2373-2378. 2002
- Size structure and geographic variation in chemical resistance of sea fan corals (Gorgonia ventalina) to a fungal pathogen. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 231:139-150. 2002
- Specificity of cues inducing spines in the bryozoan (Membranipora membranacea). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 225:205-218. 2002
- Contributors to 1998 mass mortality in Briareum asbestinum (Octocorallia, Gorgonacea). Hydrobiologia. 460(1-3):97-104. 2001
- Mass mortality of Briareum asbestinum associated with the 1998 Caribbean coral bleaching. Hydrobiologia. 00:1-8. 2001
- Predator deterrence of early developmental stages of temperate lecithotrophic asteroids and holothuroids. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 264:171-188. 2001
- Antifungal properties of gorgonian corals. Marine Biology. 137:393-401. 2000
- Role of secondary chemistry in fungal disease resistance of sea fans (Gorgonia spp). Marine Biology. 136:259-267. 1999
- Emerging marine diseases: Climate links and anthropogenic factors. Science. 285:1505-1510. 1999
- Genetic variation and polymorphism in the inducible spines of a marine bryozoan. Evolution. 52:80-86. 1998
- Observations on the pathogenesis of sea fans infected with Aspergillus. Revista de Biologia Tropical. 46 (Supplement 5):205-208. 1998
- Widespread disease in Caribbean sea fans: II. Patterns of infection and tissue loss. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 160:255-263. 1997
- Chemical defense of embryos and larvae of a West Indian gorgonian coral, Briareum asbestinum. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development. 30:239-246. 1996
- Inducible aggression and intraspecific competition for space in a marine bryozoan, Membranipora membranacea. Limnology and Oceanography. 41:505-512. 1996
- The incidence of anti-microbial activity among Caribbean gorgonians. Marine Biology. 125:411-420. 1996
- Resource translocation in a marine bryozoan: Quantification and visualization of C-14 and S-35. Marine Biology. 122:439-445. 1995
- Genetic structure of local populations and divergence between growth forms in a clonal invertebrate, the Caribbean octocoral Briareum asbestinum (Pallas). Marine Biology. 119:53-60. 1994
- The evolution of polymorphism in colonial invertebrates and social insects. Quarterly Review of Biology. 69:155-185. 1994
- Experimental induction of localized reproduction in a marine bryozoan. Biological Bulletin. 184:286-295. 1993
- Local and geographic variation in the defensive chemistry of a West Indian gorgonian coral (Briareum asbestinum). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 93:165-173. 1993
- Morphological plasticity and variation in reproductive traits of a gorgonian coral over a depth cline. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 94:61-69. 1993
- Inducible defenses and allocation shifts in a marine bryozoan. Ecology. 73:1567-1576. 1992
- Inducible defenses and the allocation of resources: A minimal model. American Naturalist. 139:521-539. 1992
- Coloniality and inducible polymorphism: The interaction of zooid and colony level control. American Naturalist. 138:1-14. 1991
- Density effects in a colonial monoculture: Experimental studies with a marine bryozoan (Membranipora membranacea). Oecologia. 82:227-237. 1990
- Inducible defenses, phenotypic variability, and frequency dependence. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 5:407-410. 1990
- Inducible morphology, heterochrony, and size hierarchies in a colonial monoculture. Proceedings at the National Academy of Science USA. 87:508-512. 1990
- Specialist predation on the Caribbean gorgonian Plexaurella spp. by Cyphoma signatum. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 65:265-272. 1990
- The ecology and evolution of inducible defenses. Quarterly Review of Biology. 65:323-340. 1990
- The evolution of inducible defense. Parasitology. 100. 1990
- Chemical and structural defenses of Caribbean gorgonians (Pseudopterogorgia spp.). I. Development of an in situ feeding assay. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 49:287-294. 1989
- Chemical and structural defenses of Caribbean gorgonians (Pseudopterogorgia spp.). II. Intracolony localization of defense. Limnology and Oceanography. 34:382-389. 1989
- Size hierarchies in Membranipora membranacea: Do colonial animals follow the same rules as plants?. Oikos: A Journal of Ecology. 55:349-355. 1989
- On timing reproduction in clonal animals. Ecology. 69:1855-1864. 1988
- Partial predation on tropical gorgonians by Cyphoma gibbosum (Gastropoda). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 38:37-44. 1987
- The ecology and evolution of inducible defenses in a marine bryozoan: Cues, costs, and consequences. American Naturalist. 128:810-823. 1986
- Flexibility: A mechanism for control of local flow velocities in hydroid colonies. Biological Bulletin. 168:312-320. 1985
- Predator-induced defenses in a marine bryozoan. Science. 224:1357-1359. 1984
- Why nudibranchs are partial predators: Intra-colonial gradients in bryozoan palatability. Ecology. 65:716-725. 1984
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article
- Blaschka Glass Menagerie Inspires Marine Expedition. The New York Times. 2013. 2013
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booksection
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chapter
- Aspergillosis of sea fan corals: Disease dynamics in the Florida Keys. The Everglades, Florida Bay, and Coral Reefs of the Florida Keys: An Ecosystem Sourcebook. 813-824. 2002
- On ecological valuation of species: Rapporteurs report. The valuation of genetic diversity: Genetic, ecological and economic perspectives. 1990
- Sponges as important space competitors in deep Caribbean coral reef communities. The ecology of deep and shallow coral reefs. 1984
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conference paper
- Foul play: Some consequences of life histories among temperate bryozoans. Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Marine Fouling and Corrosion. 1984
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intellectual contribution
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review
presentations
- Sustainable Oceans in a Changing Climate: Forecasting increased disease impact and consequences for human well-being, Organizer, ACSF Topical Lunches 2011
- Is Sustainable Climate Adaptation Possible in Indonesia?, Organizer 2010
- Marine Invertebrates as Indicators of Environmental Change, Host 2010
- Sustainable Ocean Systems, Organizer 2010
- The Challenges of Community-Based Coastal Resources Management: Lessons from Indonesia and COREMAP, Host 2010
featured in archived article
Teaching
teaching overview
- At Cornell, my focus is to teach undergraduate courses in Marine Ecology and Invertebrate Biology. My primary courses are Marine Ecology and Invertebrate Biology (taught at Shoals Marine Lab), and I teach modules and am listed as an instructor in Chemical Ecology and Conservation Oceanography. For graduate teaching, I teach an every other fall Invertebrate Biology seminar, I also teach a Field graduate course every other year in Hawaii, with Nelson Hairston and Jed Sparks and I participate regularly in a graduate journal club, Ecology of infectious Disease. I do regular guest lectures in Oceanography, Conservation Medicine (vet college), and Ecology and Environment.
teaching activities
- BIOEE-3510: Conservation Oceanography - Spring 2013
- BIOEE-6900: Seminar in Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases - Spring 2013
- BIOEE-9990: Ph.D. Dissertation Research - Spring 2013
- EAS-3510: Conservation Oceanography - Spring 2013
- ENTOM-6900: Seminar in Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases - Spring 2013
- BIOEE-4620: Marine Ecosystem Sustainability - Fall 2012
- BIOEE-6900: Seminar in Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases - Fall 2012
- BIOEE-9990: Ph.D. Dissertation Research - Fall 2012
- EAS-4620: Marine Ecosystem Sustainability - Fall 2012
- EAS-5620: Marine Ecology - Fall 2012
- ENTOM-6900: Seminar in Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases - Fall 2012
- BIOEE-3510: Conservation Oceanography - Spring 2012
- BIOEE-6900: Seminar in Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases - Spring 2012
- BIOEE-9990: Ph.D. Dissertation Research - Spring 2012
- EAS-3510: Conservation Oceanography - Spring 2012
- ENTOM-6900: Seminar in Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases - Spring 2012
- BIOEE-4770: Marine Invertebrates Seminar - Fall 2011
- BIOEE-6900: Seminar in Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease - Fall 2011
- BIOEE-9990: Ph.D. Dissertation Research - Fall 2011
- ENTOM-6900: Seminar in Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease - Fall 2011
Service
outreach overview
- Through our World bank Program on Coral Reef Sustainability, we regularly give workshops on methods in Coral and Marine Disease. This past year, we ran workshops in Australia, Mexico, and the Philippines.
service to the profession
- American Association for the Advancement of Science
- International Society for Reef Studies
- Society of American Naturalists
- Coral Disease Working Group Chairperson 2002 - 2009
- World Bank Synthesis Panel: Coral Reef Sustainability Member - 2008
- World Bank Synthesis Panel: Coral Reef Sustainability Member 2005 - 2007
- World Bank Synthesis Panel: Coral Reef Sustainability Member - 2007
- World Bank Synthesis Panel: Coral Reef Sustainability Member - 2006
- American Society of Naturalists Chairperson 2002
- Board of Science Advisors, COMPASS Board of Advisors 1999 - 2002
- Packard Foundation Marine Conservation Advisory Board Committee Member 1999 - 2001
reviewer or editor for
event organizer
Background
education and training
- Ph.D. in, University of Washington 1985
- University of Alberta 1981
- University of Alberta 1978
awards and honors
- Young Investigator Award, 1986
- Young Faculty Award, 1986
Other
college
- CALS
research keyword
- Climate Change Impacts
- Coral Reef Sustainability
- Disease Ecology
- Genomics of Coral Disease Resistance
- Innate Immunity
- International Capacity Building
name prefix
- Professor