"Our research addresses the biochemical and molecular analysis of the human and murine immune systems with specific emphasis on the mechanisms by which chemicals and drugs alter the reactivities of the T-lymphocyte subsets responsible for maintenance of the balance between cell-mediated and humoral (antibody-mediated) immune responses. The lymphocyte subsets (Th1, Th2, Tc1 and Tc2) are investigated to assess the qualitative and quantitative subcellular changes that occur with cell activation, growth, differentiation, functional responses, and cell death/apoptosis. We are especially concerned with the influence of oxidative stress from environmental toxicants and pathogens as well as aging on immune responsiveness. Modulations of immune reactivities by exogenous (environmental and dietary factors) and endogenous (hormonal and neural factors) regulators that can increase or decrease the incidence of infectious diseases, cancers and autoimmune diseases are being investigated along with the molecular genetic mechanisms responsible for the bidirectional generation of cytokines and neuropeptides by the immune system and the central nervous system. An understanding of interorgan as well as lymphoid subset molecular communications is integral to unravelling the means by which immunity controls homeostasis and health."